BRIDGE BATTLE
Date:26 November 634
Parties: Muslims and Sassanids
Reason: As a result of the victories won against the Iranian armies in Nemarik and Kesker, Iran prepared a new army and attacked.
Outcome of the War: The Sassanids won the War, but were forced to retreat due to business turmoil. Thus, the Muslims crossed the Euphrates and advanced to the Tigris.
importance: This defeat has gone down in history as the greatest defeat in the period of the first conquests.
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THE WAR OF QADISIY
Date: 636
Parties: Sassanids and Muslims
Military Strength of the Parties: Muslims 34,000, Sassanids 120,000.
Reason: Hz. Umar (ra) started to prepare an army under the command of Sa’d bin Abi in order to add Iran to the Islamic lands.
Results: Muslims won the war.
Significance: This victory not only opened the doors of Iran to the Muslims, but also laid the groundwork for the victory of the following wars.
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WAR OF CELULA
Date: 637
Parties: Sassanids and Muslims
Military Strength of the Parties: The strength of the Sassanids is unknown, but the number of Muslims is about 12,000.
Reason: With the victory of the Battle of Qadisiya, the Sassanids began preparations for war in Celula to oppose the Muslims who were preparing for the conquest of Celula.
Results: Muslims won the war.
Significance: While the Muslims who won the Celula War captured this city and Hulvan on the one hand, they also had the opportunity to seize the entire Tigris Region.
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BATTLE OF THE NIHAVEND
Date: 642
Parties: Muslims and Sassanids
Military Strength of the Parties: While the Sassanids had an army of 150,000, the Muslims had an army of 30,000.
Reason: The Muslims who want to complete the conquest of Iran begin their war preparations.
Results: The Muslims won the war.
Significance: The Sassanid Empire came to an end.
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THE CONQUEST OF EGYPT
Reason: Egypt’s economic wealth and its vulnerability to threats from Byzantium.
Results: Christians were compelled to pay the jizya tax.
Significance: This city was prepared to be used as a camp for the conquest of North Africa.
Hz. Martyrdom of Umar (ra): He was martyred by an iron master who wanted his tax to be lowered.
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THE CONQUEST OF HORASAN
Reason: Sassanid Ruler III, who withdrew to Merv in eastern Iran. Not allowing Yazdcerd to recover.
Results: Khorasan was captured, so the borders were expanded up to the Ceyhun river.
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