Our Prophet (saas) started preparations for war as a result of the breach of the Hudaybiyya Agreement between Muslims and Qurayshi polytheists for the Conquest of Mecca.
Disruption of the Hubeydiye Peace Treaty
Hudaybiyah AgreementUnder the terms of a, other Arab tribes were free to come under the protection of either side. Accordingly, the Huzaa tribe came under the protection of Muslims, and the Banu Bekir (sons of Bekir) tribe came under the protection of the Quraysh.
In the 8th year of the Hijra, in the month of Shaban, the Banu Bakr tribe suddenly raided the Huzaa tribe, which was under the protection of our Prophet, one night. In fact, there has always been enmity between the two tribes. In this raid, Banu Bekir received help and encouragement from the Quraysh, and even some prominent Quraysh youths such as Ikrima, Safwan and Süheyl were present in the raid. At the end of the raid, 23 people from the Huzaa tribe died, and the survivors were able to escape by taking shelter in the Harem-i Sharif.
Upon this incident, the people of Huzaa came to Medina with a delegation of 40 people. They explained the situation to our Prophet (saas) and asked for his help. Our Prophet (saas) was extremely upset. He promised to help them. He immediately sent an envoy to Quraysh:
“He demanded that the slain people of Huzaa be paid their diets or that the protection of the Banu Bakr Tribe be abandoned. He stated that if one of the two conditions is not accepted, the Hudaybiyah Agreement will be deemed to have been broken.
The Quraysh stated that they did not accept the first two conditions and broke the Hudaybiyya agreement. In this way, they have officially broken the treaty that they had de facto broken before. And they announced their decision to make war with Muslims through envoys.
Abu Sufyan’s Efforts for Peace
The Meccan polytheists, who took the decision of war, later regretted what they did and sent Abu Sufyan to Medina as an ambassador for peace negotiations. During his meetings with Abu Sufyan, our Prophet (saas) firmly conveyed to him that an atmosphere of peace would not happen again.
Expedition Preparations
Our Prophet (saas) wanted to keep the idea of attacking the Qurayshi polytheists very secret. This was a precaution he applied. He resorted to this tactic with the aim of not giving the enemy an opportunity to prepare, and as a result of this, to compel him to surrender without much bloodshed. Because, first of all, he was in charge of conveying the truth and truth that will bring eternal happiness to people, not to destroy people! If they were compelled to surrender, the hearts of many of them would have turned to Islam. Thus, they could have obtained the blessing of faith.
Conquest of Mecca
The Muslim army prepared for war under the command of our Prophet (saas) on January 11th. Our Prophet (saas) divided the army into four branches and said:
“You shall not engage in combat with anyone unless they are opposed and attacked. You shall not attempt to kill anyone.”
By the order of our Prophet (saas) to act, the chapter of Fatah was recited and they entered Mecca. Except for the 4th column commanded by Khalid bin Walid, the other branches did not encounter any resistance.
The Surrender of Quraysh
Knowing that they could not resist the strong Islamic army, the polytheists could not oppose the conquest. There are no preparations in this direction anyway. And they surrendered and began to wait for the decision of our Prophet (saas).
The Prophet’s (saas) Entry to Mecca
Our Prophet (saas) mounted his camel before sunrise on the thirteenth of Ramadan. He had a black turban wrapped around his head. Eight years after his departure, he was returning to his homeland with great glory and glory. But not with the air of a victorious commander, but with great humility. As he approached Mecca, he tilted his head forward. And the following words came out of his mouth:
“O my God! Life is only the life of the hereafter.”
Finally, he reached the Kaaba with the Muslims. After fulfilling the requirements of the visit, he went to Sefa Hill and thanked Allah for the blessings he had given and prayed.
Demolition of Idols
After the Conquest of Mecca, there were about 360 worshipers around the Kaaba. idol existed. They were visited from time to time by Arab tribes and sacrificed for them. Our Prophet (saas) began to touch the idols one by one with his staff. Meanwhile:
“The truth has come, falsehood has disappeared. What is destroyed can neither create nor resurrect anything.”
He commanded, and the idols were falling one by one, face down or on their backs. There is no idol that has not been destroyed around the Kaaba. Bilal (ra) stood on the Kaaba and recited the noon adhan. After the prayer, all the idols that were destroyed upon the order of our Prophet (saas) were gathered together and set on fire.
Address and General Amnesty to the Meccans
After the Conquest of Mecca and the destruction of the idols, he circumambulated the Kaaba with the Muslims. After the conquest, our Prophet (saas) delivered the first sermon in the Kaaba and said the following:
“My situation will be as you are, as Joseph said to his brothers. Like Yusuf, I say: No reproach or reproach to you today. God forgive you. He is the most merciful of those who show mercy. Go, you’re all free.”
Surah Yusuf 92
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